Antenatal use of antidepressants and risk of teratogenicity and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Persistent depressive disorders: Dysthymia and chronic major depressive disorder.
Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing 2014. In: The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research 2017. Efficacy and acceptability of acute treatments for persistent depressive disorder: A network meta-analysis. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association 2013.
In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia).Consider getting long-term maintenance treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to help prevent symptoms from worsening.Reach out to family and friends, especially in times of crisis, to help you weather rough spells.
School and work problems and decreased productivity.Relationship difficulties and family conflicts.Major depression, anxiety disorders and other mood disorders.History of other mental health disorders, such as a personality disorderĬonditions that may be linked with persistent depressive disorder include:.Personality traits that include negativity, such as low self-esteem and being too dependent, self-critical or pessimistic.Traumatic or stressful life events, such as the loss of a loved one or financial problems.Having a first-degree relative with major depressive disorder or other depressive disorders.Certain factors appear to increase the risk of developing or triggering persistent depressive disorder, including: Persistent depressive disorder often begins early - in childhood, the teen years or young adult life - and is chronic. As with major depression, traumatic events such as the loss of a loved one, financial problems or a high level of stress can trigger persistent depressive disorder in some people Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing depression. Persistent depressive disorder appears to be more common in people whose blood relatives also have the condition. Recent research indicates that changes in the function and effect of these neurotransmitters and how they interact with neurocircuits involved in maintaining mood stability may play a significant role in depression and its treatment. Neurotransmitters are naturally occurring brain chemicals that likely play a role in depression. The significance of these changes is still uncertain, but they may eventually help pinpoint causes. People with persistent depressive disorder may have physical changes in their brains. As with major depression, it may involve more than one cause, such as: The exact cause of persistent depressive disorder isn't known. Request an Appointment at Mayo Clinic Causes If you think you may hurt yourself or attempt suicide, call 911 or your local emergency number immediately. If you're reluctant to see a mental health professional, reach out to someone else who may be able to help guide you to treatment, whether it's a friend or loved one, a teacher, a faith leader, or someone else you trust. Or seek help directly from a mental health professional. Talk to your primary care doctor about your symptoms. But if you have any symptoms of persistent depressive disorder, seek medical help. When to see a doctorīecause these feelings have gone on for such a long time, you may think they'll always be part of your life. In children, symptoms of persistent depressive disorder may include depressed mood and irritability. Feelings of guilt and worries over the past.Decreased activity, effectiveness and productivity.Trouble concentrating and trouble making decisions.Low self-esteem, self-criticism or feeling incapable.Symptoms of persistent depressive disorder can cause significant impairment and may include: In addition, major depression episodes may occur before or during persistent depressive disorder - this is sometimes called double depression. But typically symptoms don't disappear for more than two months at a time. Persistent depressive disorder symptoms usually come and go over a period of years, and their intensity can change over time.